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Brazil Empire
1822 - Acclaim of Prince D. Pedro as Emperor of Brazil, under the name of D. Pedro I.
1823 - It is installed, the Constituent Assembly charged with drafting the first Constitution of Brazil. Clash between the liberal tendencies of the Assembly and the authoritarianism of the emperor. D. Pedro I dissolves the Assembly by means of a military coup.
1824 - Pedro I grants a centralizing constitution: unitarism (absence of provincial autonomy), quadripartition of powers (the moderating power being the monarch's private), census vote and subordination of the church to the state.
- Confederation of Ecuador revolt Pernambuco breakaway, with identical characteristics to the Revolution of 1817. Strong repression by D. Pedro I.
- The United States recognizes the independence of Brazil.
1825 - Portugal and Great Britain (England) recognize the independence of Brazil.
1826 - Brazil and England constitute a convention on the extinction of slave trade.
1826 - Dies D. João VI. D. Pedro I is recognized as king of Portugal (Pedro IV), but abdicates in favor of his daughter Maria da Glória (Maria II).
1828 - The Cisplatin War between Brazil and Argentina comes to an end, resulting in a peace treaty where both countries accept the independence of the Cisplatina Province, under the name of “Oriental Republic of Uruguay”.
1830 - Promulgated the Criminal Code.
1831 - The National Guard is created.
1834 - Dies in Portugal D. Pedro I.
1835 - Beginning of the Regency Una of Father Feijó. In Pará, the Cabanagem broke out; in the South, the Farroupilha Revolution. Males uprising in Bahia.
1837 - Feijó resigns to the Regency. Regressor Araújo Lima becomes interim conductor.
In Bahia, the Sabinada begins (attempt of temporary separatism).
1839 - Garibaldi, one of the ragamuffin leaders, founds in Santa Catarina the fleeting Julian Republic.
1840 - Dom Pedro de Alcântara has anticipated his adulthood and becomes the second Emperor of Brazil.
1842 - Liberal revolts arise in Minas Gerais and São Paulo. The movement is stifled by Caxias, who has won the Balaiada and then pacify Rio Grande do Sul.
1848 - The Praieira Revolution begins.
1849 - The city of Joinville in Santa Catarina is founded by German settlers.
1850 - Enactment of Eusébio de Queiroz Law, which prohibits definitely the slave trade to Brazil.
1851 - The war between Brazil and Paraguay begins against Rosas and his ally Oribe, former president of Uruguay.
1852 - General Caxias commands Brazilian, Uruguayan and Argentine forces that defeat and depose Rosas.
1854 - Founded the new Banco do Brasil (former mint). Inauguration of the first railway of Brazil.
1856 - Construction of the first paved country road, the Industry Association, linking Petrópolis to Juiz de Fora.
1865 - The Paraguay War begins.
1866 - The Amazon River is open to international navigation.
1867 - The Santos-Jundiaí Railway is inaugurated.
1870 - End of the Paraguay War.
1871 - Enactment of the Free Belly Law.
1872 - First census conducted in Brazil.
1873 - The Paulista Republican Party is founded at the Itu Convention in São Paulo.
1874 - Starts the Italian immigration flow to Brazil.
1877 - Home of the "rubber boom" in the Amazon, using mostly hand labor northeastern displaced from their provinces by a severe drought.
1884 - Ceará is the first province to extinguish slavery.
1885 - Enactment of the Law of Sexagenarian or Saraiva-Cotegipe Act that emancipated the slaves over 65 years.
1888 - Abolition of slavery under the Golden Law.
1889 - The period of the Empire comes to an end.
